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Nitric Acid

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Nitric Acid Specification

Molecular Formula
HNO3

Molecular Weight
63.01 g/mol

Refractive Rate
n20/D 1.397

Boiling point
83 C

Smell
Pungent, choking odor

Taste
Extremely sour, corrosive (not for tasting)

Structural Formula
O=N(=O)O

HS Code
28080010

Classification
Inorganic Acid

Inorganic Acid Types
Nitric Acid

Grade
Technical 26 Analytical

Purity
68% Min

Application
Industrial, Laboratory, Fertilizers, Explosives, Metal Processing

Appearance
Colorless or yellowish liquid

CAS No
7697-37-2

EINECS No
231-714-2

Other Names
Aqua fortis, Azotic acid

Usage
Used in production of fertilizers, explosives, etching, and cleaning metals

Melting Point
-42 C

Density
1.41 Gram per cubic centimeter(g/cm3)

Solubility
Miscible with water

Raw Material
Ammonia, Air

Stability
Decomposes on exposure to light and heat

Storage Conditions
Store in a cool, well-ventilated place, away from combustibles and reducing agents

UN Number
2031

Shelf Life
12 months (in tightly closed container)

Viscosity
1.2 mPas at 25C

Reactivity
Highly reactive with most metals and organic materials

Acidity (pKa)
-1.4

Packaging
HDPE Drums, Carboys, Tankers

Vapor Pressure
7.7 kPa (at 20C)

Hazard Class
8 (Corrosive)

pH (of 1 N solution)
~1.0

Decomposition products
Nitrogen oxides (NOx), oxygen

Hazard Statements
Causes severe skin burns and eye damage, may be corrosive to metals

About Nitric Acid

Nitric acid which is also known as aqua fortis and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive mineral acid. It is also the primary reagent used for nitration, means to the addition of a nitro group. This is also used as a strong oxidizing agent.

Properties :-

Synonyms : Aqua fortis, Sprit of niter, Hydrogen nitrate, Acidum nitricum
CAS NO : 7697-37-2
EC NO : 231-714-2
Empirical Formula : HNO3
Molecular Weight : 63.01
Color : Colorless to pale amber
Vapour Pressure : 8 mmHg at 20C
BP : 120.5C
Density : 1.48 g/ml @20C
Assay : 59 to 63 %

Feature :-

Strong acid at ambient temperature.
Can act as a base w.r.t an acid, such as Sulfuric acid.
Act as a powerful oxidizing agent.

Nitric Acid Pure Composition :-

Sr no.	Tests	Specifications	Results
1	Description	Clear colorless liquid	Clear colorless liquid
2	Assay	69 - 72%	71.73%
3	Wt /ml at 20C	1.41 - 1.42g	1.418g
4	Nonvolatile matter	<0.01%	<0.01%
5	Hydrochloric acid (HCl)	<0.005%	<0.005%
6	Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)	<0.01%	<0.01%
7	Arsenic (As)	<0.0001%	<0.0001%
8	Iron (Fe)	<0.005%	<0.005%
9	Lead (Pb)	<0.0005%	<0.0005%

Highly Versatile Industrial Acid

Nitric Acid is valued across various sectors, including agriculture, explosives manufacturing, metallurgy, and research laboratories. Its strong oxidizing nature makes it essential in producing fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, as well as in etching and cleaning metals. The acid's wide applicability ensures continual demand in both large-scale and specialized industries.

Handling and Storage Safety

Due to its corrosive nature and vapor pressure of 7.7 kPa at 20C, Nitric Acid must be handled with extreme care. It is stored in HDPE drums, carboys, or tankers for added protection and stability. Tightly sealed containers shield the acid from light and heat, minimizing decomposition and ensuring a shelf life of up to 12 months. Always store it in well-ventilated, cool locations away from incompatible materials.

Quality, Compliance, and Supply

With a minimum purity of 68%, Nitric Acid is available under Technical and Analytical grades, meeting industry and laboratory requirements. As a regulated hazardous chemical (UN 2031, Hazard Class 8), its production, packaging, and transportation comply with national and international standards. Available across India, it is supplied by dealers, exporters, manufacturers, and traders for reliable sourcing.

FAQ's of Nitric Acid:

Q: How is Nitric Acid typically used in industrial applications?

A: Nitric Acid serves as a key raw material in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and for metal etching and cleaning processes. It is also widely utilized in laboratory analyses and chemical manufacturing due to its strong oxidizing properties.

Q: What are the recommended storage conditions for Nitric Acid?

A: Nitric Acid should be stored in tightly closed HDPE drums, carboys, or tankers in a cool, well-ventilated area. It must be kept away from heat, direct light, combustibles, and reducing agents to prevent decomposition and maintain its shelf life of 12 months.

Q: When does Nitric Acid decompose, and what are the byproducts?

A: Nitric Acid decomposes when exposed to light and heat, leading to the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and oxygen as decomposition products. Proper storage prevents this process and ensures safety and effectiveness.

Q: Where can Nitric Acid be sourced in India?

A: Nitric Acid is widely available across India through reputable dealers, exporters, manufacturers, retailers, suppliers, and traders. It is provided in compliant packaging to ensure safe transport and handling.

Q: What safety precautions should be followed during Nitric Acid handling?

A: Protective equipment such as acid-resistant gloves, goggles, and aprons should always be used. Nitric Acid causes severe skin burns, eye damage, and can corrode metals. It should only be handled by trained personnel in well-ventilated environments.

Q: What are the main benefits of using Nitric Acid in manufacturing?

A: Nitric Acid's strong reactivity and oxidizing nature accelerate key chemical processes, increase yield in fertilizer and explosives production, and improve precision in metal etching and cleaning. Its effectiveness enhances productivity and product quality.

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